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Many people misunderstand what social skills are – and what they’re not. Here’s a quick look at a few common myths and some information on what social skills really are.

Myth #1:

People who like talking are interesting and have good social skills.

False.

Verbosity isn’t a social skill. In fact, it can damage one’s social popularity and result in avoidance by others. Such over-talkative individuals may be seen as:

- self-centered: most of their monologue is about themselves, their opinions, their activities, etc.

- rude: they monopolize the conversation without letting others contribute or participate

- selfish: their incessant talk shows little respect for the listener’s time and interests

- boring: loquacious individuals tend to include too much trivial information that is irrelevant and uninteresting to the listener.

The number of words spoken does not necessarily reflect good-quality conversation nor an ability to effectively interact with others. People are interesting when they have something worthwhile to say and are able to engage in a discussion. Good social skills include the ability to carry on a conversation without dominating it and to encourage others to participate.

Myth #2:

Introverts are socially unskilled individuals.

False.

The elements of good social skills are the same for everyone. Both introverts and extroverts alike can have superb social skills or, alternatively, very poor social skills. Skills such as listening, conversing, remembering names, showing common courtesies, and giving good feedback require attentiveness from anyone who displays good social skills, regardless of whether they’re an introvert or an extrovert. A lack of such attentiveness shows a general lack of social skills.

Introverts who have refined their interpersonal skills have techniques to follow when in social situations, and those who continue to improve their professional and personal relationships are highly socially skilled.

Myth #3:

A good education and hard work are all anyone needs to succeed in a career and in life. Good social skills aren’t important.

False.

A solid education and work or personal experience are undoubtedly key factors that contribute to success. Knowing how to perform a job function, managing the tactics of a plan or having technical knowledge of machinery or equipment qualifies the individual for the position.

However, as the individual progresses in her career and life, the manner in which she interacts with others – and the quality of that interaction – plays an important role in determining the degree of success she attains. There are always others who have input and an impact on the ease or difficulty she will face when seeking career advancement and development.

Those with highly developed social skills understand the importance and value of their relationships. They realize that while having the appropriate education or experience is essential, social skills are paramount when seeking ongoing career opportunities.

Myth #4:

People with poor social skills are aloof, uncaring and indifferent.

False.

Individuals who have poor social skills may, in fact, caring and interested. It’s unfortunate that their lack of social skills results in them being misunderstood and negatively labelled. The misrepresentation that these individuals incur is caused by their inability to know what to say and how to act or behave in social situations. Often, they lack the necessary skills to effectively express themselves and communicate in ways that show support, encouragement and friendliness.

To be understood as the person they truly are, and to avoid being mistaken for someone they’re not, they need to acquire good social skills that allow others to recognize their positive attributes. These individuals simply need assistance and guidance to know what to do and how to interact effectively in social situations. There are many methods and techniques that can help individuals learn these simple skills and easily implement them in everyday life.

What are Social Skills?

Social skills are a collection of verbal communication techniques and non-verbal actions that we use to interact and connect with others.

Strong social skills include (among others):

- active listening

- knowing how to greet others

- conversing and making small talk

- building a friendly rapport

- complimenting others

- offering praise and encouragement

- showing support and understanding

- acknowledging others

- saying ‘thank you’

Social skills can be learned by anyone and most skills are easy to integrate into daily life. Sometimes all it takes is to be aware of an action, such as saying ‘thank you’ or remembering someone’s name. Other times it’s breaking a poor habit, like interrupting someone when they’re speaking. Then there are some social skills that involve learning new techniques, such as giving constructive feedback and making small talk.

Good social skills are key to establishing, maintaining and growing all relationships – at work, at home and in the community.

A social entrepreneur is someone who identifies a social problem and uses entrepreneurial principles to create, organise, and manage a venture to make social change. A social entrepreneur measures success based on the impact on the society. While social entrepreneurs are often non-profit groups, the aim is to advance the social and environmental goals.

Often social entrepreneurs present new ideas that are user friendly and ethical, social and environmental problems. They typically get people support to implement and make a positive impact on the society.

Role of social entrepreneurs

Social entrepreneurs recognises the parts of society having difficulties, solves the problem by changing the system, spreading the solution, and persuading societies. Social entrepreneurs drive to produce measurable impact to address social and environmental problems that are often deep-seated.

• To make a positive impact on society:

Social entrepreneurs are similar to business entrepreneur in the society with a purpose for a social cause. Often, social entrepreneur need profit but emphasis is on the development of the society and in solving the problems in it. Finding the effects of social or environmental problem, finding root cause, and solving them becomes obvious to social entrepreneur.

• With focus on positive change:

Social entrepreneur focus on daunting social problems to make a positive change, further motivating common people to persuade the same. Corporate social entrepreneur can reap strategic benefits with a combination of commercial aims and social objectives.

• Rev up the social team:

While social entrepreneurs often work through nonprofits and citizen groups, many work in the private and governmental sectors. Social entrepreneurs work with local groups motivate them to pursue, and develop good solutions for their local communities as well as globally.

• In innovative and effective community building:

Distinct from business entrepreneurs who seek value in the creation of new markets, social entrepreneurs aim for value in the form of transformational change that will benefit underprivileged group of people and eventually society at large.

Social entrepreneur identifies fundamental social and environmental problems in the ever-changing society. They guide society through these turbulent times, to help the society.

The inter-linkages between society and education work both ways. While we all know of the impact of education on society, let’s also examine the impact of society on education. Education is influenced greatly by various societal factors including norms, culture, development, traditions and beliefs.

Education is not only the mode of learning facts and figures. Most of our learning actually happens when we observe and learn from those around us. In this aspect, the society and the people who belong to it play a major role. Society includes our family, friends, relatives and the people who live in our community, county or even our country. Take for instance the case of people in impoverished societies. In these poor societies, the lack of resources greatly impacts and impedes education. Often the children of such societies cannot afford costly books, computers, laboratories or practical work and may have to eke out a living themselves. In such societies, bare literacy is sometimes all that the people can afford.

Societal values also greatly impact education. In many underdeveloped countries where female emancipation and freedom is lacking, almost half the population (females) has severely curbed or curtailed education. This is due to the ignorance and prevalence of age-old customs and traditions. On the other hand, in USA and many European countries, gender based differences in education are not present. This illustrates how the customs and traditions prevalent in some specific societies influence education.

In developing countries like India, the caste system in society defines education levels in various sections of the population. It is usually seen that the so called ‘higher’ castes are educationally progressive, whereas the backward castes and classes lack education as the emphasis is on earning a living through menial jobs in the case of the latter.

So, it goes without saying that the society has a tremendous impact on education

Sociology as a science is concerned with the study of people as a group. It examines human activities in all of its aspects, from political inclinations to religious believes. There are a number of groups that society is divided into according to interests, earnings, age, sex and other numerous factors. In general, one can split modern society into two groups: minority and dominant. A minority group is a so called subordinate group members of which possess less control and power over their own lives than members of the majority or the dominant groups. Minorities are not simply measured by numbers, but rather by the substance of the majority group against which they are evaluated. For instance, black people in South Africa are obviously not considered minority if simply counted, however in their political power and due to historical circumstances they are thought of as a minority group. Minorities can also be differentiated from the rest of the society as people experiencing social pressure and lessening of their opportunities for health, success and other virtues in comparison with the rest of the society.

Subordinate groups can easily be distinguished by physical qualities as well, such as skin color or language. These can be the most drastic differences setting people apart into a minority group. Also, high in-group marriages and friendships can be an indicator of a minority group. For instance Asian culture representatives are more likely to marry within their own ethnic group than to mix with other nationalities.

Dominant groups are the exact opposite of the minority groups. Dominant or majority groups are those usually in control of the rest of the society. Members of the dominant group exercise more power have wider authority and privileges as compared to the minority group members.

Different groups in societies are always formed due to certain beliefs, ideological inclinations and prejudices of their members. Racism, for instance is to this day one of the strongest belief that leads to prejudged attitude toward people of different racial groups. It implies that based on the fact of belonging to a certain race, a person is more/less intelligent, educated, prone to crime, or any other prejudice that is convenient to a dominant group. Prejudice toward people of certain representative groups leads to discrimination either based on real fact, or more commonly on a mere assumption of that fact. One can notice that society suffers from many forms of racism and prejudices these days, although often it is hard to define and clearly see them. Ideological racism is one of those instances where it is not easy to perceive it, nevertheless it exists. Historically there were a lot of groups and clubs where people gathered according to their ideologies or beliefs they held and lived by those through discriminating others. A bright example of one of those would be Ku Klux Klan or the Nazis whose idea of a perfect world would be extinction of all black and Jewish population in the world. There are still some traces of ideological racism in our institutions and political organizations where one is supposed to think and act in a certain way. The so called institutional racism is also widely present in all countries’ governments and big corporations although no one really likes to recognize it.

Regardless of the problems societies all over the world are facing today it is clear that social diversity is a key driver to development, growth and making the world a better place for everyone. Societies with little diversity are rarely industrially, economically and educationally developed, while countries like America are in continuous development process and struggle for an improved future.

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Over 600,000 social workers strive every day to make a positive impact on the lives of others. If you’re passionate about helping individuals, families, organizations, and communities, a career in social work might be right for you. Social workers find themselves helping people from all walks of life in a variety of atmospheres from schools to hospitals to prisons to nursing homes and handle casework, policy analysis, research, counseling, and teaching. They deal with issues such as poverty, abuse, addiction, unemployment, death, divorce, and physical illness. If a career switch to social work appeals to you, following is a brief background of social work basics and how to make a smooth transition.

Career Outlook: According to the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the social work profession is expected to grow by 30% by 2010 and is expected to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2014.

Median Annual Earnings for Social Workers (U.S., 2004)

• Child, Family, And School Social Workers: $34,820

• Medical And Public Health Social Workers: $40,080

• Mental Health And Substance Abuse Social Workers: $33,920

• All Other Social Workers: $39,440

Education Requirements: All social workers must have a bachelors (BSW), masters (MSW), or doctoral degree (DSW or Ph.D.) and complete a predetermined number of hours in supervised fieldwork. Social workers also have to graduate from a program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). The CSWE reports that in 2004 there were 442 BSW programs and 168 MSW programs. While some people work with only a BSW, career options are more limited, so the MSW or DSW is more common.

• BSW: Accredited BSW programs typically take four years to complete and require 400 hours of supervised field experience. With a BSW, a graduate can work in an entry-level position, such as a caseworker.

• MSW: An MSW requires two years of study and has a prerequisite of an undergraduate degree in social work, psychology, or a similar field. An MSW allows a social worker to work in a clinical setting to diagnose and treat psychological problems.

• DSW: A doctoral degree takes anywhere from 4-7 years. A DSW has extensive training in therapy and research and is qualified to teach in a university setting.

If you lack the educational or professional background, an associate’s degree may be a good place to start to see if you’re willing to make the necessary educational commitment.

For information regarding accredited social work programs, visit the Council on Social Work Education’s website: www.cswe.org

Licensing and Exams: Social workers must be licensed. For licensing purposes, each state has its own requirements, but an MSW is usually a minimum. In addition, licensing requires 2 years or 3,000 hours of supervised clinical experience.

After completing school and hour requirements, social work candidates must pass an exam. The Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) develops and maintains four categories of social work licensure examinations: Bachelors, Masters, Advanced Generalist, and Clinical. Candidates should check with individual boards to find out which examinations are appropriate for the jurisdiction where they want to be licensed.

According to the ASWB’s website:

“Each examination contains 170 four-option multiple choice questions designed to measure minimum competencies at four categories of practice. Only 150 of the 170 items are scored; the remaining 20 questions are “pretest” items included to measure their effectiveness as items on future examinations. These pretest items are scattered randomly throughout the examination. Candidates have four hours to complete the test, which is administered electronically.”

For information on state licensing requirements, see the Association of Social Work Boards website: http://www.aswb.org/education/boards/

For information on exams, visit http://www.aswb.org/exam_info.shtml

Continuing Education: As part of renewing licenses every two years, almost all states require continuing education (CE) courses. Each state’s CE requirements vary in number of hours and approved courses, so be sure to check with the board over your jurisdiction to make sure you are in compliance with CE requirements. Many courses are available online, at sites such as www.speedyceus.com, which save time and money.

Types of Licenses: There are several different kinds of licenses available:

L.C.S.W. (or A.C.S.W., L.C.S., L.I.C.S.W., C.S.W.)

The licensed clinical social worker has a graduate academic degree, has completed supervised clinical work experience and has passed a national- or state-certified licensing exam. This advanced practitioner holds a license that allows him or her to receive health-care insurance reimbursements. (National Association of Social Workers)

SSW: School social work is a specialized area of practice within the broad field of the social work profession. School social workers bring unique knowledge and skills to the school system and the student services team. School social workers are instrumental in furthering the purpose of the schools: to provide a setting for teaching, learning, and for the attainment of competence and confidence. School social workers are hired by school districts to enhance the district’s ability to meet its academic mission, especially where home, school and community collaboration is the key to achieving that mission. (School Social Work Association of America)

Other specialties and certifications, offered by the National Association of Social Workers, include:

• Academy of Certified Social Workers (ACSW)

• Qualified Clinical Social Worker (QCSW)

• Diplomate in Clinical Social Work (DCSW)

• Certified Clinical Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs Social Worker (C-CATODSW)

• Certified Advanced Children, Youth, and Family Social Worker (C-ACYFSW)

• Certified Children, Youth, and Family Social Worker (C-CYFSW)

• Certified Advanced Social Work Case Manager (C-ASWCM)

• Certified Social Work Case Manager (C-SWCM)

• Certified Social Worker in Health Care (C-SWHC)

• Certified School Social Work Specialist (C-SSWS)

CYBER CRIMES

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION: 

 

With the day to day evolution of human mind , the modes of committing crime are also drastically changing . Criminals are getting smarter day by day and are applying there minds in this context to commit crime and escape without getting caught. With the advent of computers no one thought that it will become a mode or source of committing crime . Charles Babbage who is well known as the father of computer would not have dreamt that the machine he is giving the world may become a source of crime and would ever influence the society in a negative way.

 

Whenever we talk about cyber crime we can make out that its something related to a wrong  done were a computer system is involved .

The term ‘cyber crime’ is a wrongly applied name. This term has nowhere been defined in any statute /Act passed or enacted by the Indian Parliament. The concept of cyber crime is not radically different from the concept of conventional crime. Both include conduct whether act or omission, which cause breach of rules of law and counterbalanced by the sanction of the state. Though cyber crimes is a new breed of crimes which came into being just after the advent of the computers and the scenario has become more worse with the influence of internet in our day to day life.

 

 

 CONVENTIONAL CRIME-

 

 Crime is a social and economic phenomenon and is as old as the human society. Crime is a legal concept and has the sanction of the law. Crime is defined as “a legal wrong that can be followed by criminal proceedings which may result into punishment.”.  A crime may be said to be any conduct accompanied by act or omission prohibited by law and consequential breach of which is visited by penal consequences.

 

 

 CYBER CRIME:

 

 Cyber crime is the latest and perhaps the most complicated problem in the cyber world. “Cyber crime may be said to be those species, of which, genus is the conventional crime, and where either the computer is an object or subject of the conduct constituting crime. In general cyber crime may be defined as “ unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a tool or target or both”.

 

The computer may be used as a tool in the following kinds of activity- financial crimes, sale of illegal articles, pornography, online gambling, intellectual property crime, e-mail spoofing, forgery, cyber defamation, cyber stalking. The computer may however be a  target for unlawful acts in the following cases- unauthorized access to computer/ computer system/ computer networks, theft of information contained in the ,electronic form,

 e-mail bombing,  salami attacks, logic bombs, Trojan attacks, internet time thefts, web jacking, theft of computer system, physically damaging the computer system.

 

 

DISTINCTION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND CYBER CRIME-

 

 There is apparently no distinction between cyber and conventional crime as both the crimes results into some sort of loss to one of the parties. However on a deep introspection we may say that there exists a fine line of demarcation between the conventional and cyber crime, which is appreciable. The demarcation lies in the involvement of the medium in cases of cyber crime.

 

 

MODE AND MANNER OF COMMITING CYBER CRIME:

 

 

1.      HACKING:

   

 This kind of offence is normally referred as hacking in the generic sense. However the framers of the information technology Act 2000 have no where used this term so to avoid any confusion we would not interchangeably use the word hacking for ‘unauthorized access’ as the latter has wide connotation.

 

2. THEFT OF INFORMATION CONTAINED IN ELECTRONIC FORM:

This includes information stored in computer hard disks, removable storage media etc.  Theft may be either by appropriating the data physically or by tampering them through the virtual medium.

3.  EMAIL BOMBARDING:

This kind of activity refers to sending large numbers of mail to the victim, which may be an individual or a company or even mail servers there by ultimately resulting into crashing of the entire system.

4.  DATA DIDDLING:

This kind of an attack involves altering raw data just before a computer processes it and then changing it back after the processing is completed.

5. SALAMI ATTACKS:

This kind of crime is normally prevalent in the financial institutions or for the purpose of committing financial crimes. An important feature of this type of offence is that the alteration is so small that it would normally go unnoticed.

6. DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK:

The computer of the victim is flooded with more requests than it can handle which cause it to crash. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is also a type of denial of service attack, in which the offenders are wide in number and widespread.

7. VIRUS OR WORM ATTACKS:

 Viruses are programs that attach themselves to a computer or a file and then circulate themselves to other files and to other computers on a network. They usually affect the data on a computer, either by altering or deleting it. Worms, unlike viruses do not need the host to attach themselves to. They merely make functional copies of themselves and do this repeatedly till they eat up all the available space on a computer’s memory. E.g. love bug virus, which affected at least 5 % of the computers of the globe. The losses were accounted to be $ 10 million. The world’s most famous worm was the Internet worm let loose on the Internet by Robert Morris sometime in 1988.  Almost brought development of Internet to a complete halt.

8. LOGIC BOMBS:

 These are event dependent programs. This implies that these programs are created to do something only when a certain event (known as a trigger event) occurs. E.g. even some viruses may be termed logic bombs because they lie dormant all through the year and become active only on a particular date (like the Chernobyl virus).

9. TROJAN ATTACKS:

 This term has its origin in the word ‘Trojan horse’. In software field this means an unauthorized programme, which passively gains control over another’s system by representing itself as an authorised programme. The most common form of installing a Trojan is through e-mail. E.g. a Trojan was installed in the computer of a lady film director in the U.S. while chatting. The cyber criminal through the web cam installed in the computer obtained her nude photographs. He further harassed this lady.

10. INTERNET TIME THEFT:

Normally in these kinds of thefts the Internet surfing hours of the victim are used up by another person. This is done by gaining access to the login ID and the password. E.g. Colonel Bajwa’s case- the Internet hours were used up by any other person. This was perhaps one of the first reported cases related to cyber crime in India. However this case made the police infamous as to their lack of understanding of the nature of cyber crime.

11. WEB JACKING:

  This term is derived from the term hi jacking. In these kinds of offences the hacker gains access and control over the web site of another. He may even mutilate or change the information on the site. This may be done for fulfilling political objectives or for money. E.g. recently the site of MIT (Ministry of Information Technology) was hacked by the Pakistani hackers and some obscene matter was placed therein. Further the site of Bombay crime branch was also web jacked. Another case of web jacking is that of the ‘gold fish’ case. In this cas
e the site was hacked and the information pertaining to gold fish was changed. Further a ransom of US $ 1 million was demanded as ransom. Thus web jacking is a process where by control over the site of another is made backed by some consideration for it.

CLASSIFICATION OF CYBER CRIMES:

The subject of cyber crime may be broadly classified under the following three groups. They are-

1. Against Individuals :

a. against person

b. their property of an individual

 

2. Against Organization :

a. Government

c. Firm, Company, Group of Individuals.

3. Against Society at large 



Against Individuals: –

They can be:

i.   Harassment via e-mails.

ii. Cyber-stalking.

iii. Dissemination of obscene material.

iv. Defamation.

v.  Unauthorized control/access over computer system.

vi. Fraud and cheating

Against Individual Property: - 

i. Computer vandalism.

ii. Transmitting virus.

iii. Netrespass

iv. Unauthorized control/access over computer system.

v. Intellectual Property crimes

vi. Internet time thefts

Against Organization: -

i. Unauthorized control/access over computer system

ii. Possession of unauthorized information.

iii. Cyber terrorism against the government organization.

iv. Distribution of pirated software etc.

Against Society at large: -

i.     Pornography (basically child pornography).

ii.    Polluting the youth through indecent exposure.

iii.   Trafficking

iv.   Financial crimes

v.    Sale of illegal articles

vi.   Online gambling

vii.  Forgery

 Some of the above mentioned offences may discussed in brief as follows:

 

 1.       Harassment via e-mails- 

              Harassment through e-mails is not a new concept. It is very similar to harassing through letters.  

2.        Cyber-stalking-

The Oxford dictionary defines stalking as “pursuing stealthily”. Cyber stalking   involves following a person’s movements across the Internet by posting messages (sometimes threatening) on the bulletin boards frequented by the victim, entering the chat-rooms frequented by the victim, constantly bombarding the victim with emails etc.

3.                 Dissemination of obscene material-

  Pornography on the net may take various forms. It may include the hosting of web site containing these prohibited materials. Use of computers for producing these obscene materials. Downloading through the Internet, obscene materials. These obscene matters may cause harm to the mind of the adolescent and tend to deprave or corrupt their mind. Two known cases of pornography are the Delhi Bal Bharati case and the Bombay case wherein two Swiss couple used to force the slum children for obscene photographs. The Mumbai police later arrested them.

 4.       Defamation

It is an act of imputing any person with intent to lower the person in the estimation of the right-thinking members of society generally or to cause him to be shunned or avoided or to expose him to hatred, contempt or ridicule. Cyber defamation is not different from conventional defamation except the involvement of a virtual medium. E.g. the mail account of Rohit was hacked and some mails were sent from his account to some of his batch mates regarding his affair with a girl with intent to defame him.

 5.      Unauthorized control/access over computer system-

 This activity is commonly referred to as hacking. The Indian law has however given a different connotation to the term hacking, so we will not use the term “unauthorized access” interchangeably with the term “hacking” to prevent confusion as the term used in the Act of 2000 is much wider than hacking.

 

 

 6.         Computer vandalism-

  Vandalism means deliberately destroying or damaging property of another. Thus computer vandalism may include within its purview any kind of physical harm done to the computer of any person. These acts may take the form of the theft of a computer, some part of a computer or a peripheral attached to the computer or by physically damaging a computer or its peripherals.

 

  8.      Intellectual Property crimes / Distribution of pirated software-

 Intellectual property consists of a bundle of rights. Any unlawful act by which the owner is deprived completely or partially of his rights is an offence. The common form of IPR violation may be said to be software piracy, copyright infringement, trademark and service mark violation, theft of computer source code, etc.

 

   9.       Cyber terrorism against the government organization

  At this juncture a necessity may be felt that what is the need to distinguish between cyber terrorism and cyber crime. Both are criminal acts. However there is a compelling need to distinguish between both these crimes. A cyber crime is generally a domestic issue, which may have international consequences, however cyber terrorism is a global concern, which has domestic as well as international consequences.

  The common form of these terrorist attacks on the Internet is by distributed denial of service attacks, hate websites and hate emails, attacks on sensitive computer networks, etc.  Cyber terrorism may be defined to be “ the premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, in cyber space, with the intention to further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives, or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives”

  Another definition may be attempted to cover within its ambit every act of cyber terrorism.

A terrorist means a person who indulges in wanton killing of persons or in violence or in disruption of services or means of communications essential to the community or in damaging property with the view to –

(1) putting the public or any section of the public in fear; or

(2) affecting adversely the harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities; or

(3) coercing or overawing the government established by law; or

(4) endangering the sovereignty and integrity of the nation

and a cyber terrorist is the person who uses the computer system as a means or ends to achieve the above objectives. Every act done in pursuance thereof is an act of cyber terrorism.

    10.     Trafficking

   Trafficking may assume different forms. It may be trafficking in drugs, human beings, arms weapons etc. These forms of trafficking are going unchecked because they are carried on under pseudonyms. A racket was busted in Chennai where drugs were being sold under the pseudonym of honey.  

 

11.                           Fraud & Cheating

 Online fraud and cheating is one of the most lucrative businesses that are growing today in the cyber space. It may assume different forms. Some of the cases of online fraud and cheating that have come to light are those pertaining to credit card crimes, contractual crimes, offering jobs, etc.

 

STATUTORY PROVISIONS:

The Indian parliament considered it necessary to give effect to the resolution by which the General Assembly adopted Model Law on Electronic Commerce adopted by the United Nations Commission o
n Trade Law. As a consequence of which the Information Technology Act 2000 was passed and enforced on 17th May 2000.the preamble of this Act states its objective to legalise e-commerce and further amend the Indian Penal Code 1860, the Indian Evidence Act 1872, the Banker’s Book Evidence Act1891 and   the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934.  The basic purpose to incorporate the changes in these Acts is to make them compatible with the Act of 2000. So that they may regulate and control the affairs of the cyber world in an effective manner.            

CONCLUSION:

  Capacity of human mind is unfathomable. It is not possible to eliminate cyber crime from the cyber space. It is quite possible to check them. History is the witness that no legislation has succeeded in totally eliminating crime from the globe. The only possible step is to make people aware of their rights and duties (to report crime as a collective duty towards the society) and further making the application of the laws more stringent to check crime. Undoubtedly the Act is a historical step in the cyber world. Further I all together do not deny that there is a need to bring changes in the Information Technology Act to make it more effective to combat cyber crime. I would conclude with a word of caution for the pro-legislation school that it should be kept in mind that the provisions of the cyber law are not made so stringent that it may retard the growth of the industry and prove to be counter-productive.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

So what exactly is a social entrepreneur? According to Ashoka.org, social entrepreneurs are individuals who come up with innovative solutions to society’s most pressing problems. I like to think of them as, first, seeing the places in their community, country or on the planet where people are falling through the cracks and systems are not working, then, coming up with creative new systems and models that really make a difference in people’s lives.

Over the past month, I’ve had the great privilege of interviewing five extraordinary social entrepreneurs on my radio show — each a 2008 or 2009 Purpose Prize winner. The Purpose Prize is the brain child of Civic Ventures, a San Francisco-based think tank, which awards ten prizes every year to social innovators over the age of 60.

Nasrine Gross grew up in Afghanistan at a time when girls still went to school, and her mother was a member of parliament. Today, 85% of the population is illiterate and women need their husband’s permission for just about anything. So, Nasrine created a literacy program for couples, and is changing the face of Afghanistan’s future through her organization, Kabultec Inc.

The devastating loss of Liz and Steve Alderman’s 25-year-old son, Peter, in the Twin Towers on 9/11 changed, as Steve says, the trajectory of their lives forever. Inspired by a Nightline story on the one billion people on the planet who have directly experienced torture, terrorism, or mass violence, Liz and Steve are honoring their son by becoming a force for global good. Today, the Peter C. Alderman Foundation trains indigenous mental health care professionals and builds mental health clinics in post-conflict countries around the world.

Growing up homeless with a “big mouth and a bad attitude”, Ann Higdon’s life was changed by one teacher’s confidence in her. When she realized that in the state of Ohio once you’ve dropped out of school you cannot return to get your diploma, Ann started Improved Solutions for Urban Systems (ISUS) which trains 16-22 year olds in construction, technology, manufacturing and health care with a combination of schooling, community service and hands-on training. The three charter schools ISUS runs are consistently ranked at the top of Ohio’s schools, and ISUS students are reviving entire neighborhoods.

Finally, Barbara Cervone was fed up with the way youth are portrayed in our culture, so she created What Kids Can Do, Inc. and gives voice to this underutilized resource. With a 40 year background in education, Barbara knew first-hand that kids didn’t want to be seen as part of the problem, they wanted to be a part of the solution. Through the use of audio, video, books, and the internet, What Kids Can Do is re-shaping communities and tapping this rich resource.

Are you wondering if you have what it takes to be a successful entrepreneur? Here are the qualities that all five social innovators have. They:

1. Are highly innovative. Well, of course, they are. But what’s interesting is that out-of-the-box, creative thinking is a must natural for them. They’re always searching for new ways of doing things, and when something fails they…

2. Are persistent. They keep trying until it works. And, they never let road blocks, obstacles, or naysayers deter them. It’s their can-do attitude that keeps them moving forward — no matter what.

3. Have found a cause that inspires them. It might seem obvious, but each is fully committed to and believes in what they’re doing. They may come at it from different places (Ann and Nasrine’s childhood experiences, Barbara’s career experience, and Liz and Steve’s tragic experience, but each is passionate about their cause.)

4. Have boundless energy. Barbara describes it best when she says that while many of her friends are slowing down at this stage, she has more energy than she’s ever had before, and often feels like a teenager. I’m not sure if the work creates the energy or the energy keeps the work going. Probably a bit of both!

5. Are exceptionally collaborative. In every case, these social innovators are masters of seeking out partnerships that support the work they’re doing, help spread the work, and make it sustainable.

6. Have a positive vision of the future. There’s not a gloomy Gus in this bunch. No matter how daunting the social problem (85% illiteracy in Afghanistan, one billion victims of mass violence) that some might call “hopeless”, they see the possibility and the potential for change and are hopeful and optimistic about the future.

These self-described “ordinary” people are doing the truly extraordinary in their Encore Careers. And, I’m not sure if this is a requirement to be a successful social entrepreneur, but Nasrine, Liz, Steve, Ann and Barbara are – without exception – five of the most gracious, humble, and delightful people I’ve ever had the honor to meet. Inspired?

Ask many people what corporate social responsibility is and they may tell you it is something that the chief executive officer takes care of. The chief executive officer of a company does in fact have many different responsibilities but it is important to understand that corporate social responsibility is not just for CEOs. Perhaps the best way to understand who is truly responsible for corporate social responsibility is to build a solid foundation by understanding exactly what corporate social responsibility is. Known by other names such as corporate social performance, corporate responsibility, responsible business, corporate citizenship and sustainable responsible business, corporate social responsibility is a method whereby a corporation self regulates via its business model.

This may sound like a lot of jargon, but in its most simplified explanation, what this means is that corporate social responsibility is a corporation’s policy that operates as a self regulating, built-in mechanism that allows the corporation to monitor itself to ensure it is operating according to established international norms, ethical standards and any relevant legal measures. This means that the corporation takes full responsibility for employees, stakeholders, consumers, environment, communities and associated members of the public realm.

The many aspects of a corporation that are impacted by corporate social responsibility include human resources, risk management, brand differential, ethics trading, motives, globalization and market influences, ethical consumerism, regulations, social accounting, auditing, reporting and much more. With such a broad range of influence, there are many who argue that corporate social responsibility is nothing more than clever window dressing for corporations who want to go unmonitored by outside influences. Those who are in favour of corporate social responsibility argue to the contrary, saying that when you reach such an extensive group of corporate related individuals and garner agreement as a whole to uphold certain standards, it can only work towards the greater good of all those involved.

One thing that is for certain and that is the reality that corporate social responsibility is not just another tick mark on the job description page for the CEO, COO, CFO and other pertinent leaders of a corporation. Although these individuals may play some of the highest ranking roles in the implementation of a corporate social responsibility policy, it is clearly a policy that belongs to every member of the corporation and all those who fall under the umbrella’s coverage. Corporate social responsibility is a valuable tool that can help a corporation establish a presence and reputation that speaks for itself.

For ideas on how corporate social responsibility could be helping your local community, go online and you’ll find an array of environmental initiatives that you can get involved in.

Many acne sufferers tend to isolate themselves from society and purposely chose not to socialize with their friends. Why? Because acne sufferers are plagued with feelings of depression, embarrassment and have a poor body image. This then leads to frustration, anger and severe depression. These negative psychological effects can have a very crippling impact on an individual’s social life, which in turn will discourage them from pursuing life’s opportunities socially, scholastically and even in the work force. Depression caused by acne can lead to low self esteem, causing sufferers to purposely miss dates, social gatherings, classes, job interviews and even work.

Psychological Impact

Although acne is not considered to be a life threatening disorder, its psychological effects can be quite profound as acne affects the most visible parts of your body. The psychological effects of acne have only come to light in recent years. Fact: The psychological scarring caused by acne can last forever, so it is a very important topic to explore. Note that the severity of acne can also be measured by its effect on an acne sufferer’s emotional and social life.

How to Help

Now that we’ve established that acne blemishes, cysts, etc. can be very damaging to the psyche, especially during the teenage years, which is when the formation of an individual undergoes so many important changes, what can be done to prevent this. After all, we are talking about some serious dismantling conditions that may lead to depressive disorders, academic decline, social isolation, substance abuse and even suicide.

What to do? The first step an Acne sufferer must take is to come to terms with his or her condition. It will have a negative impact on your life because our society judges us by our appearance. The trick is that an acne sufferer does not need to face this alone. Think about the numbers mentioned in the home page “Acne affects about 80% of all adolescents”. That means that eight out of every ten people around you is or has had to battle with acne and its negative social impacts. So don’t be shy to inform and involve people you come into contact with to prevent the psychological scarring from becoming permanent.

Your entire family, teachers, coaches and doctors all must have a better understanding of the effects acne is having on you. This may seem like an awkward and difficult task, but you will be surprised by how understanding and compassionate others will be towards your situation. If you feel too shy to bring it up in conversation, then print up this page and leave it on your teacher’s or coach’s desk and/or have your friends and family read it. Send them the link to this page. This will instigate both understanding, support and open communication on something that should not be kept secret. Let the people that you love or come into contact with on a regular basis know how your acne makes you feel.

You may also want to discuss the myths and realities associated with acne with the people you have chosen to consult or talk about your acne. Be sure that they understand that it is not due to poor dietary habits, poor personal hygiene, or anything else which may lead to the idea that it is your fault that you have acne. People need to know that acne is not your fault. A supportive family, supportive friends and even a supportive coach or teacher will help you to no end in maintaining your self esteem. I cannot stress this enough.

Support, current information, and the proper acne control treatment regime are all a must when faced with this skin disorder.

How is it some people just breeze through life with no issues, then the unfortunate ones adopt social phobia disorder, do we deserve it,or is it something that just happens. Well to answer that correctly there are a number of factors that contribute to having a condition like this, i few i would like to point out. And no, no one deserves this disorder. But yes you can over come it.

Social phobia disorder, am i just unlucky or is it my fault?

First of all yes it is unlucky that you have social phobia disorder, secondly there is a lot you can do to control it, and there are 100 and 1000 s of people that have this condition, your definitely not alone.

You probably say to self quite often, why me, this is a constant nagging thought in the back of your mind. Well now it is time to stop feeling sorry for your self and understand why you have it, and most importantly how are you going to deal with it.

Any body is capable of developing social phobia disorder, but some are more susceptible then others, and it is the way you deal with the symptoms that makes all the difference.

Social phobia disorder, am i just unlucky or is it my fault?

Did you know exhaustion is one the key triggers of this disorder? Mental and physical exhaustion, and

emotion exhaustion. These 3 are the main offenders.

Your diet also contributes, and if you dabble in alcohol or drugs or, have a hectic life style, this also is classified as physical exhaustion.

Some of us just get so busy, we tend to forget about how strung out we are till the pressure cap blows off, by this time it is way to late the horse has bolted no point shutting the gate. What started off as (GAD) a little normal stress, is now social phobia disorder.

Firstly you need to sit back relax for 1 minute think about the way you have approached the situation so far. Has it worked, Answer is no other wise you would not be reading this article.

Social phobia disorder, am i just unlucky or is it my fault?

Social phobia disorder is a condition that makes us afraid to go out in public, because we carry around anxious thoughts that makes us afraid of having an attack.

Think about for a moment every time you have had an attack, what has happened to you?

You got scared. Your heart raced a million miles an hour. You were shaky. You had blurry vision etc, etc, etc.

Now did it kill you, did you pass out, did it stay for 1 hour? See where this is going, a anxiety attack will not kill you, it is very scary that is all. So you need to do this.

Bye your self a diary, write in that diary every time you feel anxious, what time of day it was, where you were, were you alone or in company. This is calling identifying or observing what ever you want to call it.

Then you need to except, acceptance is a big part of curing social phobia disorder. Excepting that it will visit you every day and sometimes twice a day, just prepare your self for the visit.

Ok now you are going to invite, yes that is correct, invite a panic attack into your life.You know this can not harm you, so you can just get your self more familiar with the physical symptom it usually brings.

It is like any thing in life the more familiar you are with something, or someone the less scary they, or it becomes.